Isu, Cabaran dan Keperluan dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Topik Elektrik dan Elektronik di Sekolah Menengah

Issues, Challenges and Needs in Teaching and Learning Electrical and Electronics Topics in Secondary Schools

Abstract

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti isu, cabaran dan keperluan guru serta pelajar dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran topik elektrik dan elektronik di sekolah menengah, khususnya dalam penggunaan breadboard bagi aktiviti penyambungan litar. Penggunaan breadboard dalam PdP dilihat penting bagi membantu pelajar memahami konsep asas elektrik dan elektronik melalui aktiviti amali, namun masih terdapat pelbagai masalah yang mempengaruhi persepsi keberkesanan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada guru yang mengajar Elektrik dan Elektronik dan pelajar sekolah menengah yang dipilih menggunakan persampelan bertujuan. Instrumen kajian iaitu inventori protokol temu bual telah diadaptasi daripada kajian lepas dan disahkan oleh pakar bagi memperoleh kesahan muka dan kesahan kandungan sebelum digunakan dalam kajian sebenar. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik bagi mengenal pasti tema-tema utama berkaitan isu, cabaran dan keperluan penggunaan breadboard dalam PdP. Dapatan kajian yang diperolehi menunjukkan bahawa guru dan pelajar menghadapi beberapa isu, keperluan dan cabaran seperti kesukaran memahami sambungan litar, kekurangan kemahiran amali, keterbatasan bahan bantu mengajar dan kekangan masa semasa aktiviti amali dijalankan. Selain itu, kajian ini turut mengenal pasti keperluan terhadap penggunaan pendekatan pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif, modul pembelajaran yang sistematik dan bahan bantu mengajar yang sesuai bagi meningkatkan kefahaman pelajar terhadap topik elektrik dan elektronik. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan kepada guru serta pihak berkaitan dalam meningkatkan keberkesanan pengajaran dan pembelajaran Elektrik dan Elektronik di sekolah menengah khususnya dalam penggunaan breadboard.

This study aims to identify issues, challenges and needs of teachers and students in teaching and learning electrical and electronic topics in secondary schools, especially in the use of breadboards for circuit connection activities. The use of breadboards in teaching and learning is seen as important in helping students understand the basic concepts of electricity and electronics through practical activities, but there are still various problems that affect the perception of the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with a semi-structured interview method. The study participants consist of teachers who teach Electricity and Electronics and secondary school students who were selected using purposive sampling. The study instrument, namely the interview protocol inventory, was adapted from previous studies and validated by experts to obtain face validity and content validity before being used in the actual study. The study data was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify the main themes related to issues, challenges and needs of using breadboards in teaching and learning. The study findings obtained show that teachers and students face several issues, needs and challenges such as difficulty understanding circuit connections, lack of practical skills, limited teaching aids and time constraints during practical activities. In addition, this study also identified the need for the use of more interactive learning approaches, systematic learning modules and appropriate teaching aids to improve students' understanding of electrical and electronic topics. This study is expected to provide guidance to teachers and relevant parties in improving the effectiveness of teaching and learning of Electrical and Electronic subjects in secondary schools, especially in the use of breadboards.